城际直达列车开行方案优化研究

以一定客流时段内城际直达旅客列车开行方案为研究对象，确定列车开行频率和列车编组。对旅客出行的广义费用进行分析，将城际直达客流的广义出行费用分为票价费用、候车时间、延迟费用、拥挤费用。得出了广义出行费用下客流乘车选择的一般规律：选择各列车的客流，其期望出行时间连续分布在所乘列车两侧，各个列车的客流吸引范围具有一致性。建立了以客流总出行费用最小和企业效益最好为目标的优化模型，并对模型进行了分析求解。算例结果表明，列车编组和开行频率是列车开行方案中具有密切联系的两个组成部分，小编组和高密度的开行模式能够显著提高运营服务水平。     

人为失误与海上事故发生的机理分析

海上事故的发生与航海人员在完成航行任务和处理海上风险过程中的能力有非常密切的关系。保障此过程中的行为能有效地完成成为关键，而航海人员完成任务的能力又直接受到人为失误的影响，也就是说，人为失误的发生直接降低了人的处理能力，使航行任务归于失败。现从行为学的观点对人为失误的发生进行了初步的分析，寻求减少人为失误发生的途径。并从统计学的观点解释了由人为失误引起的海上事故发生的原因。     

大跨度铁路桥梁健康状态评估的统计对比诊断方法研究

利用桥梁结构长期健康监测系统获取的大量数据,结合大跨度铁路桥梁的结构受力特点,提出了一套基于静力识别的统计对比诊断桥梁结构整体性能的评估方法。其基本思路是:先根据桥梁结构完好状态下监测系统所采集到的环境变量(包括环境温度、湿度及荷载等)与结构响应变量的大量样本,采用统计分析的方法建立环境变量与结构响应变量之间的函数关系;在诊断和识别桥梁结构是否异常时,将实测环境变量代入以上函数,预测结构的响应量值,并计算出实测响应量与预测响应量的差值,再将这个差值与事先拟定的诊断标准进行比较,判别桥梁结构是否发生异常。这种方法可以综合考虑多种因素对结构响应量的影响,有望实现对桥梁结构健康状态的实时评估。     

可控被动式减摇水舱随机控制策略研究

在"船舶-可控被动式减摇水舱"系统数学模型基础上,根据安装减摇水舱的船舶在随机海浪作用下的横摇运动特点,利用成型滤波器以及在线辨识方法对"船舶-可控被动式减摇水舱"系统横摇运动进行预报,并利用预报信息以及实时测量信号对减摇水舱内液体进行控制,实现船舶横摇运动与水舱内液体运动的相位控制,使减摇水舱在不同航态以及不同海情下均有较好的减摇效果.     

城市居住区交通稳静化措施研究

本文重点探讨城市居住区交通稳静化措施，对4个机、非机混行居住区217人按拥有机动车和非拥有机动车划分两组进行交通稳静化措施调查，并进行稳静化措施速度试验。结果表明：被调查人群对减速带、减速垫、路中间隔离岛、波纹型道路、路段宽度缩减五项稳静化措施意见倾向性不同；稳静化措施对机动车有明显降速作用，对自行车车流亦起减速作用，使人行系统更加安全。     

职业性接触毒物的毒源辨识

职业卫生服务的各个环节,如评价、监测、治理技术、生物监测以及健康监护、职业病诊断等,都与毒源的辨识密切相关。准确辨识毒物是有的放矢地作好职业卫生服务必不可少的基本技能,尤其是近些年隐匿性职业中毒频频出现,更显出毒源辨识的重要性。     

A new parameter identification methodology for a modal analysis test of a rail vehicle

The validation of vehicle mathematical models is a key part of the virtual acceptance process since it is essential to ensure a precise representation of the reality. The model validation procedure should include validation of stationary but also dynamic tests. However, parameter identification from on-track tests is a challenging task due to the non-controlled excitation and the great variability of the test results. Thus, an alternative solution by means of a vehicle modal analysis is proposed, developing a parameter identification methodology for dynamic vehicle model parameters. This methodology calculates estimated values of the vehicle model parameters that have an influence on the excited vehicle vibration modes. Moreover, a new criterion for taking into account the effect of the measurement uncertainties on the selection process of the vehicle parameters is developed. Finally, experimental results show that not only estimations of the suspension stiffness parameters can be obtained, but damping values and structural frequencies from the vehicle bodies can also be estimated.     

Sliding-mode control for the roll-angle tracking of an unmanned bicycle

This study investigates the roll-angle tracking control of an unmanned bicycle using a sliding-mode controller (SMC). The roll angle is controlled at a specific speed via a simple proportional, derivative (PD) controller to generate input–output data including steering torque as well as roll and steering angles. The collected data are then used to identify a one-input two-output linear model by a prediction-error identification method using parameterisation in a canonical state-space form derived as a Whipple model. Once the linear model is obtained, the SMC can be designed to control the bicycle. Simulations and comparisons with a proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller show that this SMC is robust against changes and variations in speed as well as external disturbances.     

Clarifying multiple-mode decision making in conventional psychological models: A consideration of the influential mechanism of car use's characteristics on the behavioral use of public transportation

The existence of the multiple-mode decision making process challenges the existing psychological theories those predict travel behaviors because the theories were mainly to explain the relationship between travelers' perceived attributes of a targeted mode, not to make choices between modes. A review of related literatures showed a lack of focus on the mechanism of one mode influencing other mode in psychological models. The present study investigates how car-related factors affect the establishment of bus use intention in a psychological investigation. It is hypothesized that single car use factors do not directly influence bus use intention, rather than that; they indirectly influence bus use intention through an overall factor of car use. Results from a dataset of 270 samples investigating three types of daily trips in the Japanese context showed support to the mediating effect of the overall car use factor. As such, an arbitrary inclusion of car-related factors to psychological models of public transportation may not be recommended.     

个体差异对转向指标疲劳辨识能力的影响分析

驾驶人个体差异是影响疲劳驾驶辨识准确性的重要因素。为了探究个体差异与基于转向行为的疲劳辨识效果之间的关系，量化个体差异对转向特征指标疲劳辨识能力的影响程度，通过自然驾驶试验，采集被试在清醒状态和疲劳状态下的真实驾驶行为数据，结合观察员问询打分和被试面部视频得到疲劳水平信息。设置双层滑动时间窗对每位驾驶人的自然驾驶行为数据进行处理，挖掘出9个疲劳驾驶转向特征指标。对每位驾驶人清醒和疲劳状态下的指标样本进行Wilcoxon检验，用Wilcoxon检验的|Z|值表示指标对驾驶疲劳的分类性能。以清醒和疲劳状态下指标有显著差异的被试数目最多为优化目标，得到指标最优的双层时间窗设定值。将|Z|值最大的被试逐个与其他被试两两组合，对清醒和疲劳状态下混合两被试指标样本数据进行Wilcoxon检验，得到被试组合指标的|Z|值。计算两被试的综合个体差异值，基于线性模型拟合两被试组合Wilcoxon检验的|Z|值和个体差异值，以拟合直线的斜率绝对值|k|量化个体差异对指标疲劳辨识能力的影响。研究得到基于自然驾驶行为数据的9个疲劳驾驶转向特征指标的最优时间窗，发现指标对疲劳驾驶的分类性能存在个体差异，并且指标的疲劳辨识能力会随个体差异增加而降低，进而影响基于转向行为指标疲劳辨识的准确性，其中方向盘转角下四分位标准差（X_q1std）的斜率绝对值最大（1.17），方向盘转角标准差（X_jstd）的斜率绝对值最小（0.44），疲劳辨识能力受个体差异影响最大和最小的指标分别是X_q1std和X_jstd。研究结果可为利用自然驾驶行为数据的疲劳驾驶特征提取及考虑个体差异的疲劳驾驶建模提供参考。